Below you will find further external information on externalization. The collection includes scientific publications and podcasts as well as contributions from politics, civil society, and the media.
There is no claim to completeness, and the overview is continuously updated. Please send suggestions to contact(at)externalizingasylum.info.
Further resources
Amnesty International (2017). The Human Rights Risks of External Migration Policies, https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/POL3062002017ENGLISH.pdf.
Crisp, J. (2020). What is Externalization and Why is it a Threat to Refugees?, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/10/what-externalization-and-why-it-threat-refugees.
European Council, & Council of the European Union (2024). Timeline – EU migration and asylum policy, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-migration-policy/migration-timeline/.
Legislative Observatory of the European Parliament (2021). Human rights protection and the EU external migration policy – 2020/2116(INI), https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/summary.do?id=1663414&t=e&l=en.
Lopez Curzi, C. (2016). The externalisation of European borders: steps and consequences of a dangerous process, https://openmigration.org/en/analyses/the-externalisation-of-european-borders-steps-and-consequences-of-a-dangerous-process/.
Médecins Sans Frontières (2018). Indefinite Despair. The tragic mental health consequences of offshore processing on Nauru. Médecins Sans Frontières. https://www.msf.org/indefinite-despair-report-and-executive-summary-nauru.
Save the Children, UNICEF (2016). At What Cost: The human, economic and strategic cost of Australia’s asylum seeker policies and the alternatives. Save the Children, UNICEF. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/what-cost-human-economic-and-strategic-cost-australias-asylum-seeker-policies-and/.
Sunderland, J. (2024). Italy’s Dodgy Detention Deal with Albania. Risks for Asylum Seekers and Rescue Operations Should Prompt EU Action. Human Rights Watch Dispatches. https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/02/01/italys-dodgy-detention-deal-albania.
UNHCR (2013). Guidance Note on bilateral and/or multilateral transfer arrangements of asylum-seekers, https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2013/en/16943.
UNHCR (2021). UNHCR Note on the “Externalization” of International Protection. https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2021/en/121534.
UNHCR (2021). Annex to UNHCR Note on the “Externalization” of International Protection: Policies and practices related to the externalization of international protection. https://www.refworld.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/en/2021-5/60b115b64.pdf.